Clinical trials, comparison table of 6 GLP-1 products, official FDA instructions and warnings about dangerous analogs
Quick comparison of key indicators
Tirzepatide
Semaglutide
Semaglutide
Liraglutide
Tirzepatide
Semaglutide (oral)
HbA1cGlycated hemoglobin — an indicator of average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. Normal: 4-5.6% Reduction
-1.5% to -1.8%
vs. placebo
Weight Loss
6-7 kg (~15%)
over 30 weeks (STEP-1)
Cardiovascular Safety
-26%
event risk (SUSTAIN 6)
Adaptation features (≥5% of participants):
FDA Warning
Pancreatitis, thyroid tumors (C-cell, in rodents), acute kidney injury, intestinal obstruction, vision changes, hypoglycemia when combined with insulin.
HbA1cGlycated hemoglobin — an indicator of average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. Normal: 4-5.6% Reduction
-1.2% to -2.6%
vs. placebo/active comparators
Weight Loss
up to 22.5% (~24 kg)
SURMOUNT-1, 72 weeks, 15 mg
SURPASS-2 vs Ozempic
-13.2 kg
-2.46% HbA1cGlycated hemoglobin — an indicator of average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. Normal: 4-5.6%, superior to semaglutide
Adaptation features (≥5% of participants):
BLACK BOX WARNING (FDA)
Thyroid C-cell tumors: Tirzepatide causes thyroid tumors in rats. It is unknown whether this applies to humans.
Weight Loss
-16.9% (~17 kg)
STEP-1, 68 weeks, 2.4 mg
Cardioprotection
-20% MACE
SELECT trial, 17,604 participants
vs Placebo
-12.4% difference
STEP-1 (plc: -2.4%)
Adaptation features (≥5% of participants):
FDA Warning (Black Box)
Risk of medullary thyroid carcinoma (C-cell tumors in rodents). Contraindicated in MEN 2 or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma.
Weight Loss
-8% (~8 kg)
SCALE, 56 weeks, 3 mg
Response ≥5%
63.2% of patients
vs 27.1% placebo
Market Experience
10+ years
One of the most studied GLP-1s
Adaptation features (≥5% of participants):
FDA Warning (Black Box)
Risk of medullary thyroid carcinoma (C-cell tumors in rodents). Contraindicated in MEN 2. Daily administration — less convenient compared to weekly injections.
Weight Loss
-22.5% (~24 kg)
SURMOUNT-1, 72 weeks, 15 mg
Response ≥20%
36.2% of patients
vs 1.5% placebo
Sleep Apnea
FDA Dec 2024
Approved for obstructive sleep apnea
Adaptation features (≥5% of participants):
ℹ️ Note
Zepbound = same molecule (tirzepatide) as Mounjaro. Mounjaro is registered for type 2 diabetes (FDA 2022), Zepbound — for chronic weight management (FDA 2023). Also approved for sleep apnea (FDA Dec 2024).
HbA1cGlycated hemoglobin — an indicator of average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. Normal: 4-5.6% Reduction
-1.0% to -1.4%
PIONEER 1-10
Weight Loss
-4.4 kg
PIONEER-1, 26 weeks, 14 mg
Uniqueness
First oral GLP-1
The only GLP-1 in tablet form
Adaptation features (≥5% of participants):
ℹ️ Note
Rybelsus is the only GLP-1 agonist in tablet form. Less effective for weight loss than injectable Wegovy (semaglutide 2.4 mg), but more convenient for patients who prefer to avoid injections. Take on an empty stomach 30 min before food with ≤120 ml water.
Weight Loss
-22.7%
REDEFINE-1, 68 weeks
vs Wegovy
~6% advantage
CagriSema vs semaglutide 2.4 mg alone
New Mechanism
Amylin + GLP-1
First amylin analog for obesity
Adaptation features (≥5% of participants):
ℹ️ Note
CagriSema = combination of cagrilintide (amylin analog) + semaglutide (GLP-1). Not yet approved. Novo Nordisk expects NDA submission in 2026. May become a competitor to Zepbound/Mounjaro from Eli Lilly.
Weight Loss
up to 32.3 kg (-28.7%)
over 72 weeks (Phase 2)
Triple Mechanism
GLP-1 + GIP + GCG
First triple agonist
Expected Approval
2026–2028
Highest result in Phase 2 trial
Adaptation features (≥5% of participants):
ℹ️ Note
Retatrutide has not been approved by any regulator. Results are based on Phase 2 clinical trials. Phase 3 will continue through 2026–2028.
Trust Rating
2 / 5
No proprietary clinical data
Proprietary Clinical Trials
None
References SURMOUNT-1 (Eli Lilly)
Composition Verification
Not confirmed
No independent analysis published
Side Effects:
🚨 IMPORTANT WARNING
Biopatid is manufactured by UNIKKA PHARMA (Brazil), not Eli Lilly — the developer of the tirzepatide molecule. Eli Lilly officially states it does not supply tirzepatide to any third-party manufacturers. Biopatid has not undergone its own clinical trials. The API is imported not from Eli Lilly. Not listed in Ukraine's State Register of Medicines (drlz.com.ua). Consult your doctor.
All key characteristics in one table
| Characteristic | Mounjaro | Ozempic | Wegovy | Saxenda | Zepbound | Rybelsus | Retatrutide | Biopatid | Cagrilintide |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Status | Approved | Approved | Approved | Approved | Approved | Approved | Phase 3 | Not Approved | Phase 3 |
| Active Ingredient | Tirzepatide | Semaglutide | Semaglutide | Liraglutide | Tirzepatide | Semaglutide (oral) | LY3437943 | Tirzepatide (as claimed by manufacturer) | Cagrilintide (amylin analog) |
| Manufacturer | Eli Lilly | Novo Nordisk | Novo Nordisk | Novo Nordisk | Eli Lilly | Novo Nordisk | Eli Lilly | UNIKKA PHARMA (LCA Farmacêutica LTDA), Brazil · distribution by Biopell Medical | Novo Nordisk |
| Mechanism of Action | GLP-1 + GIP (dual) | GLP-1 only | GLP-1 only | GLP-1 only | GLP-1 + GIP (dual) | GLP-1 only | GLP-1 + GIP + Glucagon (triple) | GLP-1+GIP (as claimed — same molecule as Mounjaro) | Amylin analog (+ semaglutide in CagriSema) |
| Average Weight Loss | -22.5% | -15% | -16.9% | -8% | -22.5% | -4.4% | -28.7% | — | -22.7% (CagriSema) |
| ~in kilograms | ~24 kg | ~15 kg | ~17 kg | ~8 kg | ~24 kg | ~4.5 kg | ~32 kg | — | ~23 kg |
| Dosing Frequency | Once weekly | Once weekly | Once weekly | Daily | Once weekly | Daily (tablet) | Once weekly | 1× per week (per manufacturer's instructions) | Once weekly |
| Available Doses | 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15 mg | 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2 mg | 0.25, 0.5, 1, 1.7, 2.4 mg | 0.6, 1.2, 1.8, 2.4, 3 mg | 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10, 12.5, 15 mg | 3, 7, 14 mg | In development | Vials 40/60 mg | In development |
| Side Effects | Adaptation period: nausea, diarrhea (in 5-10%) | Adaptation period: nausea, vomiting (in 10-15%) | Adaptation period: nausea, vomiting (in 10-15%) | Adaptation period: nausea (in 20-30%) | Adaptation period: nausea, diarrhea (in 5-10%) | Nausea (in 15-20%), diarrhea | Limited data (Phase 2-3) | No proprietary clinical data available | Nausea, diarrhea (Phase 3 data) |
| FDA Approval | FDA 2022 | FDA 2017 | FDA 2021 | FDA 2014 | FDA 2023 | FDA 2019 | Phase 3 (expected 2026–2028) | Not approved by FDA/EMA/ANVISA as a standalone product | Phase 3 (CagriSema — expected 2026) |
| References | Phase 2No instructions available | No proprietary RCTs conductedNo instructions available | REDEFINE-1No instructions available |
Based on clinical evidence
Mounjaro is the only product that targets both GLP-1 and GIP receptors simultaneously. This provides better appetite control and higher efficacy.
According to SURMOUNT-1, participants lost an average of 22.5% body weight over 72 weeks — 7.5 percentage points more than in the STEP 1 trial (semaglutide).
Fewer GI adaptation effects compared to other GLP-1 products (5-10% vs 10-15%).
Studies show that Mounjaro users lose more fat and less muscle mass.
Links to original scientific publications
Mounjaro (Tirzepatide) • 2539 participants • 72 weeks
Mounjaro (Tirzepatide) • 1879 participants • 72 weeks
Tirzepatide vs Semaglutide • 1879 participants • 40 weeks
Wegovy / Semaglutide • 1961 participants • 68 weeks
Semaglutide • 1210 participants • 68 weeks
Saxenda (Liraglutide) • 3731 participants • 56 weeks
Wegovy (Semaglutide 2.4 mg) • 17604 participants • ~40 months
Rybelsus (Oral Semaglutide) • 703 participants • 26 weeks
CagriSema (Cagrilintide + Semaglutide) • 3417 participants • 68 weeks
All links lead to official publications in PubMed and NEJM. We recommend reviewing them before starting a program.
FDA-approved documents
New England Journal of Medicine • 2022
The SURMOUNT-1 study showed that participants taking 15 mg tirzepatide lost an average of 20.9% body weight over 72 weeks. This is one of the highest results among studied weight loss products.
Read studyNew England Journal of Medicine • 2021
Head-to-head comparison of tirzepatide with semaglutide (Ozempic). Tirzepatide showed superiority in HbA1cGlycated hemoglobin — an indicator of average blood sugar levels over the past 2-3 months. Normal: 4-5.6% and body weight reduction compared to 1 mg semaglutide.
Read studyCurrent Pharmaceutical Design • 2016
A review of BPC-157 research — a peptide with potent regenerative properties. Efficacy demonstrated for ulcers, inflammatory bowel diseases, and wound healing.
Read studyEuropean Journal of Endocrinology • 1998
Research shows that ipamorelin is the first selective growth hormone secretagogue that does not affect cortisol and prolactin levels, making it a safer option.
Read studyScience • 2015
A review of the role of NAD+ in metabolism and aging. Studies show that increasing NAD+ levels may improve mitochondrial function and slow aging processes.
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